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Lithuanian Out Loud is a podcast series designed for fans of the Lithuanian language. Come along with native Lithuanian author/lawyer Raminta and her North-American husband, Jack. They'll teach you Lithuanian along with tidbits about the history and culture of Raminta's homeland - Lietuva!

Music: Vieux Farka Toure - Ana {Pocket Remix} by pocketproductions (c) copyright 2007 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial license. http://dig.ccmixter.org/files/pocketproductions/8916 Ft: Pocket (Richard Jankovich)

 

May 25, 2009

Lediniai Tiltai Icy Bridges

Hi there, I’m Jack and I’m Raminta and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language.

On 15 July 1410 Lithuanian soldiers fought in the Battle of Grunwald. The German Teutonic Knights never could get on well with Lithuanians. The Pope in Rome had given the Teutonic Knights carte blanche to invade and conquer Lithuanian and Prussian lands. The Prussians were linguistic and cultural cousins of the Lithuanians. In 1385 Grand Duke Jogaila of Lithuania married Queen Jadwiga of Poland. A few years later in 1409 the Teutonic Knights were trying to control an uprising in a territory they controlled – Samogitia or Žemaitija.

Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila, who was now by marriage the King of Poland declared that if the Teutonic Germans invaded Lithuania it would mean war. The Teutonic Knights said this was a provocation and declared war. Since Grand Duke Jogaila was now the King of Poland, he gave control of Lithuania to Vytautas the Great.

On the 2nd of July 1410 Vytautas the Great of Lithuania and King Jogaila of Poland joined their armies and crossed into Teutonic territory headed for the German castle at Marienburg. The Germans were caught completely by surprise. The German and Lithuanian-Polish forces faced off and fought for many hours. The Germans were slaughtered and the Lithuanian-Polish armies were victorious.

The battle was fought on the plains of Grunwald or in Lithuanian – Žalgiris. The battle is known in Lithuania as Žalgirio mūšis. Mūšis is the word for battle. Today Žalgiris is a symbol of resistance to foreign domination over Lithuania.

The leading Lithuanian basketball and football teams are called BC Žalgiris and FK Žalgiris to commemorate the battle.

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Today’s episode will be a continuation of the last episode on adjectives. Today we’ll essentially take the singular adjectives from the last episode and make them plural.

the plural of –as changes to –i, the plural of -a changes to –os
the plural of –us changes to –ūs, the plural of -i changes to –ios
the plural of –is changes to –iai, the plural of -ė changes to –ės

small
mažas / maža

the plural would be…
maži / mažos

small dogs
maži šunys

small cats
maži katinai

small houses
maži namai


small cars
maži automobiliai


small tables
maži stalai

small countries
mažos šalys


small boats
mažos valtys


small ants
mažos skruzdėlės

small foxes
mažos lapės


small libraries
mažos bibliotekos

-soft
minkštas / minkšta

the plural would be…
minkšti / minkštos

soft armchairs
minkšti foteliai


soft bags
minkšti maišeliai


soft carpets
minkšti kilimai

soft cheeses
minkšti sūriai


soft rabbits
minkšti kiškiai

soft sofas
minkštos sofos

soft blankets
minkštos antklodės

soft chairs
minkštos kėdės


soft beds
minkštos lovos


soft pillows
minkštos pagalvės

-hard
kietas / kieta

the plural would be…
kieti / kietos

hard muffins
kieti keksai

hard cheeses
kieti sūriai


hard stones
kieti akmenys


hard armchairs
kieti foteliai


hard benches
kieti suolai

hard sofas
kietos sofos


hard chairs
kietos kėdės


hard beds
kietos lovos


hard pillows
kietos pagalvės

hard buns
kietos bandelės

-clean
švarus / švari
the

plural would be…
švarūs / švarios

clean beaches
švarūs pliažai


clean bowls
švarūs dubenys


clean rooms
švarūs kambariai


clean houses
švarūs namai

clean bedrooms
švarūs miegamieji

clean bathtubs
švarios vonios


clean kitchens
švarios virtuvės


clean stoves
švarios viryklės

clean plates
švarios lėkštės

clean saucers
švarios lėkštutės

-cheap
pigus / pigi

the plural would be…
pigūs / pigios

cheap bicycles
pigūs dviračiai


cheap cameras
pigūs fotoaparatai


cheap overcoats
pigūs paltai

cheap pens
pigūs tušinukai


cheap tickets
pigūs bilietai

cheap dresses
pigios suknelės

cheap blouses
pigios bliuzelės


cheap jackets
pigios striukės


cheap guitars
pigios gitaros


cheap handbags
pigios rankinės

-icy
ledinis / ledinė


the plural would be…
lediniai / ledinės

icy ponds
lediniai tvenkiniai

icy pools
lediniai baseinai

icy drinks
lediniai gėrimai

icy lakes
lediniai ežerai


icy bridges
lediniai tiltai

icy rivers
ledinės upės

icy seas
ledinės jūros

icy streets
ledinės gatvės

icy puddles
ledinės balos

icy stairways
ledinės laiptinės

-silky
šilkinis / šilkinė

the plural would be…
šilkiniai / šilkinės

silky skirts
šilkiniai sijonai


silky neckties
šilkiniai kaklaraiščiai


silky sweaters
šilkiniai megztiniai


silky robes
šilkiniai chalatai


silky pillowcases
šilkiniai užvalkalai

silky dresses
šilkinės suknelės

silky blouses
šilkinės bliuzelės

silky blankets
šilkinės antklodės

silky sheets
šilkinės paklodės


silky headscarves
šilkinės skarelės

-synthetic
sintetinis / sintetinė


the plural would be
sintetiniai / sintetinės

synthetic chemicals
sintetiniai chemikalai


synthetic coats
sintetiniai paltai


synthetic furs
sintetiniai kailiai


synthetic sweaters
sintetiniai megztiniai


synthetic ties
sintetiniai kaklaraiščiai

synthetic blouses
sintetinės palaidinukės


synthetic jackets
sintetinės striukės


synthetic fabrics
sintetinės medžiagos


synthetic gloves
sintetinės pirštinės


synthetic resins
sintetinės dervos

the adjective didelis is an oddball and it doesn’t follow the normal rules

-big, heavy, large
didelis / didelė
the

plural would be
dideli / didelės

big noises
dideli triukšmai


big houses
dideli namai

big elephants
dideli drambliai

big men
dideli vyrai


big mountains
dideli kalnai

big structures
didelės struktūros

big countries
didelės šalys

big sofas
didelės sofos

big snowflakes
didelės snaigės

large books
didelės knygos

Šaunuoliai! Excellent! You made it to the end of another episode! Puiku!