Fri, 5 February 2010  photograph: Vilnius, Lithuania, January 2010 photographer: Raminta
Hi there, I’m Jack and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language. Here’s a quick note before we get to today’s episode continuing the instrumental case,
Dave MacLeod from PageF30.com has created something to help him memorize Lithuanian declensions. He creates English sentences and replaces select words with Lithuanian words. You can take a look at his work and let him know what you think. I’ll post his link on the Lithuanian Out Loud webpage.
http://www.pagef30.com/2010/01/easier-way-to-master-lithuanian.html
A listener named Viktorija left a post on our blogpage on an earlier episode concerning the use of labukas. Viktorija wants us to know, "labukas" is a quite intimate, soft and even flirting way of saying hi. So, a girl can say "labukas" to another girl or a guy she knows well, and a guy can say "labukas" to a girl. But if a guy says "labukas" to another guy, it sounds odd and effeminate. Viktorija says, she’s from Vilnius and she uses "labukas" with her friends.
Today we’ll continue where we left off with the instrumental case. Alright, let’s get started with today’s program, enjoy! Let’s go over some examples using feminine singular nouns…
tyliai. tyliai tyliai? tyliai tyliai? in silence, tyliai oh, tyliai, tyliai keep quiet that’s cute, tyliai, tyliai
(-a) a teacher mokytoja a saleswoman pardavėja a waitress padavėja a female doctor gydytoja a crosswalk pėsčiųjų perėja a car mašina a ball kamuolys the ball rolled under the car kamuolys pasirito po mašina Justinas walks via the crossing Justinas eina pėsčiųjų perėja she’s working as a waitress ji dirba padavėja she works as a doctor in Madrid ji dirba gydytoja Madride Justas travels by car Justas keliauja mašina Eglė became a saleswoman Eglė tapo pardavėja Birutė became a teacher Birutė tapo mokytoja
(-ė) a chair kėdė a spider voras a wedding vestuvės a tent palapinė a female builder statybininkė a female commentator komentatorė a female composer kompozitorė a female lawyer advokatė a female pilot lakūnė Violeta works as a builder Violeta dirba statybininke Aistė works as a commentator Aistė dirba komentatore Audronė became a lawyer Audronė tapo advokate Adelė works as a pilot Adelė dirba lakūne Valentina became a composer Valentina tapo kompozitore a spider is under the chair voras yra po kėde the wedding was under a big tent vestuvės buvo po didele palapine
here are some sentence fragments using some feminine nouns that end in –s.
duck – antis changes to antimi to bake kepti rice ryžiai duckling ančiukas stone, stony mūrinis the duckling is under the duck ančiukas yra po antimi the duckling became a duck ančiukas tapo antimi one can bake apples with a duck obuolius galima kepti kartu su antimi Antinas is talking with the duck Antinas kalba su antimi
stove or furnace - krosnis changes to krosnimi hearth / fireplace židinys to connect sujungti a cockroach tarakonas a little house / a hut namelis a big kitchen with a stove didelė virtuvė su krosnimi a house is heated with a furnace namas šildomas krosnimi a building with a furnace pastatas su krosnimi a stone house with a stove mūrinis namas su krosnimi a cockroach is under the furnace! tarakonas po krosnimi!
fire - ugnis changes to ugnimi to play žaisti children vaikai to cook virti to experiment eksperementuoti don’t play with fire! nežaisk su ugnimi! the children are playing with fire vaikai žaidžia su ugnimi a dragon is spitting fire drakonas spjaudo ugnimi they are experimenting with fire jie eksperementuoja su ugnimi
rain – lietus changes to lietumi hail kruša wind with rain vėjas su lietumi lightning with rain perkūnija su lietumi hail with rain kruša su lietumi the snow became rain sniegas virto lietumi
woman – moteris changes to moterimi the girl became a woman mergina tapo moterimi he came with a woman jis atėjo su moterimi Ričardas lives with a woman Ričardas gyvena su moterimi I work with a woman aš dirbu su moterimi
a nose – nosis changes to nosimi brown rudas / ruda a badger barsukas a hyena hiena black juodas / juoda iron, made of iron geležinis a hyena with a brown nose hiena ruda nosimi a black iron bird with a white nose juodas geležinis paukštis balta nosimi a badger with a long nose barsukas su ilga nosimi
(-uo) sesuo (seseria or seserimi) everywhere visur to sing dainuoti in the evening vakare to go, to take place vykti to find oneself, to get, to come atsidurti to walk about, to stroll about vaikštinėti to marry susituokti how did she come with sister to the city? kaip ji su seseria atsidūrė mieste? how did she come with sister to the city? kaip ji su seserimi atsidūrė mieste? she lived in Vilnius with her sister ji gyveno Vilniuje su savo seseria she lived in Vilnius with her sister ji gyveno Vilniuje su savo seserimi Audronė lives with her sister Audronė gyvena su savo seserimi Audronė lives with her sister Audronė gyvena su savo seseria Birutė with her sister Aistė live in Kaunas Birutė su jos seserimi Aiste gyvena Kaune Birutė with her sister Aistė live in Kaunas Birutė su jos seseria Aiste gyvena Kaune he always walked about with his sister jis visur vaikštinėjo su savo seseria he always walked about with his sister jis visur vaikštinėjo su savo seserimi Vytas married with Romas’ sister Eglė Vytas susituokė su Romo seserimi Eglė Vytas married with Romas’ sister Eglė Vytas susituokė su Romo seseria Eglė I work with sister dirbu su seseria I work with sister dirbu su seserimi Valdas sings with sister Valdas dainuoja su seseria Valdas sings with sister Valdas dainuoja su seserimi
(-ė) duktė (dukteria or dukterimi) a horse groomer arklininkas at home lives the horse groomer with his daughter namelyje gyvena arklininkas su dukteria at home lives the horse groomer with his daughter namelyje gyvena arklininkas su dukterimi Rožė together with her daughter are going to the city Rožė kartu su dukteria važiuoja į miestą Rožė together with her daughter are going to the city Rožė kartu su dukterimi važiuoja į miestą they came from Italy with their daughter jie atvyko iš Italijos su savo dukteria they came from Italy with their daughter jie atvyko iš Italijos su savo dukterimi
Šaunuoliai!Direct download: LL0187.mp3 Comments[0] |
Mon, 18 January 2010  Hi there, I’m Raminta and I’m Jack and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language. photograph: a Vilnius coffee shop 2010 According to the online article, “Purse or Curse: Lithuania Turns To Witch To Pursue Deadbeats,” the Lithuanian collection firm, Skolų Išieškojimo Biuras has employed a witch doctor to persuade debtors to pay their debts. No word yet if this is convincing anyone to pay up. Today we’ll continue with examples of the instrumental case or įnagininkas. At the beginning of each group we’ll give you some vocabulary. A preposition, “po” means “under” when used with the instrumental case. “Po” can be used with other cases to mean other things. But, today we’re focused on the instrumental case. In this episode we’ll divide the examples into groups based on the noun suffixes. (-as) (-is) (-ys) (-us) masculine nouns that end in –uo decline with the suffix –eniu akmuo changes to akmeniu šuo changes to šuniu or šunimi vanduo changes to vandeniu or vandenimi Great, on the next episode we’ll continue working with more examples of the instrumental case. We’ll see you on the next episode! Ate! Purse or Curse: Lithuania Turns To Witch To Pursue Deadbeats Comments[3] |
Tue, 5 January 2010  Hi there, I’m Jack and I’m Raminta and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language. photograph: Tiltas per Jūrą Tauragėje (wintertime) According to the online article, “Baltic unrest reaches Lithuania,” Police fired teargas and rubber bullets to keep demonstrators away from the Lithuanian parliament on the 16th of January 2009. Thousands of demonstrators protested the economic situation and the Lithuanian government’s response to the economic crisis sweeping the world today. 15 people were injured and more than 80 were arrested in the violent clashes. today we’ll continue with our introduction to the instrumental case. the instrumental can also be used to describe a period of time in which something is happening. vocabulary žodynas a thing daiktas at the moment I’m reading the book, šiuo metu aš skaitau knygą, in day time dienos metu summer vasara winter žiema spring pavasaris free laisvas in time laiku a vacation kelionė we can also use the instrumental for personal descriptions bald plikas a bald headed woman moteris plika galva In English after a fight we might refer to a guy’s black eye. In Lithuanian it’s referred to as a black eye socket. But wait! There’s more! We also use the instrumental case when a sentence describes a change of status. In other words, when something “becomes” something else. vocabulary: Violeta became president Violeta tapo prezidente So, there you have a not so brief explanation of some uses of the instrumental case or įnagininkas. On the next episode we’ll go through many more examples. Comments[2] |
Thu, 24 December 2009  Inagininkas Instrumental Case Hi there, I’m Raminta and I’m Jack and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language. Photograph: The monument to the restoration of Lithuania's independence, "Lituania Restituta" first built in 1930, destroyed by Soviets, rebuilt in 1990. According to the article, “June 14, 1940. Why the Russians should apologize.” On the 14th of June 1940, massive deportations of Lithuanians were started by the Soviet Union. In one week 17,730 people were deported from Lithuania to Russian gulags. The unfortunate Lithuanians selected for transport were intellectuals and academics, political activists, businessmen and successful farmers, medics, lawyers, military leaders, teachers, and religious leaders. Families had one hour to collect 100 kilograms of belongings and were transported to any one of 57 train stations. Common cattle cars awaited them for the long trip to Siberia. The Soviets had planned to deport as much as 50% of the Lithuanian population but the Nazi invasion stopped their plans. Many Lithuanians viewed the Germans as saviors because the German invasion stopped the Russians. When the Soviets forced the Germans out of Lithuania the deportations resumed. In 1948 alone more than 40,000 Lithuanians were shipped east in cattle cars; 11,066 were children. Between 1940 and 1953 Lithuania lost one third of its population and the only thing that stopped the mass deportations was the death of Stalin in 1953. Today, Russia refuses to discuss the matter and ignores Lithuania’s requests for apologies and reparations. Lithuania is requesting, at a minimum, moral recognition of the issue. We’ve already gone over these declensions: the nominative vardininkas We’ve only got two more declensions remaining and we’ll do one of those today; įnagininkas – the instrumental case. In this episode we’ll be throwing a lot of new stuff at you but don’t worry, we’ll give you plenty of examples so you can understand what’s being presented. First off, we’ll go over some concepts. Today’s program is only the first in a series covering the instrumental case. We use the instrumental case in many different ways. One way is to describe how one is transported, for example; to the restaurant we go by car or Rimantas goes to work by motorcycle. The car is the instrument by which we go to the restaurant and the motorcycle is the instrument by which Rimantas goes to work. When a noun is declined with įnagininkas or the instrumental case, the noun is the instrument of the sentence. The instrumental case can be viewed as describing “by means of,” “by way of” or “using.” Let’s go over the different instrumental endings or suffixes using singular nouns. We’ll go over plural nouns in another episode. First, here are the singular masculine noun endings or suffixes… singular nouns that end in –as change to –u Now the feminine singular noun endings or suffixes… singular nouns that end in –a change to –a singular nouns that end in –ė, as in duktė, change to –eria or –erimi before each group of examples we’ll go over some vocabulary vocabulary žodynas to travel keliauti Valdemaras travels “by means of” a car Valdemaras keliauja automobiliu Violeta goes “by means of” a bus Violeta važiuoja autobusu The instrumental can also be used to describe movement “by way of,” “by means of,” or “using” a street, a path, a sidewalk, etcetera, or going through a park, a field, a valley, a tunnel, an alley, a river, a sea, a mountain pass, etcetera. vocabulary žodynas to go for a walk pasivaikščioti Algis walks “by means of” the path Algis eina taku Justinas goes for a walk “by means of” the sidewalk Justinas eina pasivaikščioti šaligatviu a boat sails via the river valtis plaukia upe Now let’s talk about professions. You can say, I am a doctor, or, aš esu gydytojas. I’m a policeman, aš esu policininkas. In these examples we are not using the instrumental case. Using the instrumental case we would say, I work as a doctor – aš dirbu gydytoju. I work as a policeman – aš dirbu policininku. A profession is the instrument “by way of” or “by means of” a person makes a living. The key word in English here is the word, “as.” I work as a pilot. I work as a teacher. vocabulary žodynas a policeman, policewoman policininkas, policininkė here we’ll compare phrases using vardininkas with phrases using įnagininkas vardininkas įnagininkas vardininkas įnagininkas vardininkas įnagininkas vardininkas įnagininkas vardininkas įnagininkas vardininkas įnagininkas vardininkas įnagininkas Some prepositions require the instrumental case such as the word “with” or in Lithuanian – su. first, here’s some vocabulary with su to eat with a knife and fork valgyti su peiliu ir šakute Alright, that does it for our introduction to using the instrumental. On the next episode we’ll continue part II of exploring the instrumental case. We’ll see you in 2010. Happy New Year! June 14, 1940. Why the Russians should apologize Comments[0] |
Wed, 16 December 2009  Koks Didelis Pasaulis What A Big World (with special guest-host Antanas) image: šimtas litų banknote Hi there, I’m Jack and I’m Antanas and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language. Continuing with our description of Lithuanian banknotes, the 100 litas or šimtas litų banknote is decorated with the portrait of Simonas Daukantas who lived from 1793 to 1864. Simonas wrote the first history of Lithuania in the Lithuanian language and he’s credited with creating a sense of national awareness for the Lithuanian people. The reverse of the bill features Vilnius Old Town. Very well done. This is easy. Okay. Have some beer! Today we continue with koks – not as a question word but more as an expression of surprise or exclamation what a beautiful dog! Now for an important point. If you are talking about something specific you can say things like what a beautiful dog, koks gražus šuo or what a tasty wine, koks skanus vynas. But, if you’re talking about something inspecific and you just want to say, how beautiful! or how tasty! then you wouldn’t use koks or kokia. You’d use kaip and add the neuter form of the adjective. How beautiful, kaip gražu, how tasty, kaip skanu. Think of it like this. If you’re going to use koks or kokia then you need to know the gender of the object. Kaip is the word for how, like, as, than, as well as some others. Kaip is genderless. So, if you use koks or kokia which are concerned with gender, use them with masculine or feminine nouns. Kaip doesn’t care about gender, so use the neuter form of the adjective. how beautiful kaip gražu pradėkime, let’s get started 1) gražus or graži is an adjective that means beautiful Koks and kokia have the same meaning. Koks is tied to masculine nouns. Kokia is tied to feminine nouns. The same goes for the adjectives gražus or graži, bjaurus or bjauri, didelis or didelė, skanus or skani, mažas or maža. As you might have guessed, the adjective that ends in –s, is masculine. So, if the noun is masculine we use the masculine adjective. vocabulary - žodynas weather oras Oi is a word that expresses surprise, such as, oh! ah! Oi, koks gražus šuo! Oh, what a beautiful dog! beautiful gražus ugly bjaurus delicious skanus big didelis small mažas Šaunuoliai! Excellent! You made it to the end of another episode! Puiku! Tai lengva! (That’s easy!) Banknotes of the Lithuanian Litas Comments[1] |
Tue, 15 December 2009 Exam 57 a carrot morka Comments[0] |
Mon, 14 December 2009 Exam 56 I do not eat aš nevalgau Comments[0] |
Thu, 3 December 2009 Click below to download the show notes for episodes 171-180: Direct download: Lithuanian_Out_Loud_0171-0180_Notes.pdf Category: Language Course -- posted at: 11:40 PM Comments[0] |
Wed, 2 December 2009  Koks What Sort Of Image: Lithuanian 50 Litų banknote Continuing with our description of Lithuanian banknotes, the fifty litas or penkiasdešimt litų banknote is decorated with the portrait of the national hero and signatory of Lithuania's Declaration of Independence of February 16, 1918, Dr. Jonas Basanavičius who lived from 1851 to 1927. On the reverse of the bill is Vilnius Cathedral, Gediminas Castle, the Hill of Three Crosses, and the Monument to Grand Duke Gediminas. pradėkime, let’s get started Koks or kokia mean, what? As in, what sort of…? As in, what is your name or what sort of name do you have? What is your job, or what sort of job do you have? What is your phone number or what sort of phone number do you have? When you use koks or kokia you’re asking for the characteristics of something; you’re asking for a description of something. Koks tavo hobis? What is your hobby or what are the characteristics of your hobby? Koks mano hobis? Nežinau. Skiing! Koks tavo noras? What is your wish? What are the characteristics of your wish or desire? In the episodes covering koks and kokia we’ll go over a lot of new vocabulary. Don’t worry too much about trying to learn it all. What’s important here is the use of koks and kokia. vocabulary - žodynas father tėvas you use koks when the subject is masculine what name? koks vardas? On this episode we’ll focus on koks, which is used with masculine nouns. The feminine version – kokia – we’ll do on an upcoming episode. what’s the weather? koks oras? what’s your name? (familiar) koks tavo vardas? what’s your name? (formal) koks jūsų vardas? what is your phone number? (familiar) koks tavo telefono numeris? what is your father’s name? (familiar) koks tavo tėvo vardas? what’s the weather in Lithuania? koks oras Lietuvoje? what is your height? koks tavo ūgis? what is your car like? koks tavo automobilis? Puiku! Excellent! You made it to the end of another episode! Puiku! Banknotes of the Lithuanian Litas Alright! That’s it for today! Thanks for the download! If you got anything out of this lesson please leave us a review on our iTunes page. We no longer have voice mail. To leave us comments send us an email at lithuanianoutloud@earthlink.net. If you’d like to see the Lithuanian spelling of any word in this series just go to WWW dot Lithuanian dot L I B S Y N dot com. If you’d like to get these episodes every time a new one is available just go to iTunes and do a search for Lithuanian Out Loud and click subscribe. It’s completely free. And feel free to make copies of our episodes, put them on cds and pass them out to your friends. Thanks to CCMixter.org, Ditto Ditto and Vieux Farka Toure for the podcast music. http://www.Lithuanian.Libsyn.com Comments[7] |
Wed, 2 December 2009 Exam 55 I eat aš valgau Comments[0] |
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LITHUANIAN OUT LOUD Lithuanian Out Loud is a podcast series designed for students of the Lithuanian language.
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